Day Thirteen : Print Part 1

Friday 4th October 2019

On Friday, we were given time to catch up on work that we may have not done or finished. I had done almost everything so I didn't have much to do. Afterwards, we had a lecture on Print but just part 1. Here are some summaries of the lecture:

"A print is in essence a pictorial image which has been produced by a process which enables it to be multiplied" - Antony Griffiths

Some main print techniques are :

• Relief Printing

• Intaglio

• Lithography

• Screen Printing

• Photomechanical Reproduction

Some Types of Relief Printing

1. Wood cutting

2. Wood engraving

3. Metalcut and relief etching

Printmaking and Social Change

Advances in print making technology have often been closely linked to wider changes in society. The invention of the printing press meant that texts and images could be disseminated much more widely and books become easier to obtain.

"Even the most perfect reproduction of a work of art is lacking in one element: its presence in time and space, its unique existence at the place where it happens to be." - Walter Benjamin, Illuminations

Some artist-types that use print:

• Albrecht Dürer

• Gustave Doré

• Abraham Bosse

• Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes

• Currier and Ives

• Eduardo Paolozzi

• Dan Funderburgh

Lino Printing

https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/an-introduction-to-lino-printing-2578530

Lino printing is a form of printmaking where the printing plate is cut into lino. The lino is then inked, a piece of paper placed over it, and then run through a printing press or pressure applied by hand to transfer the ink to the paper.

Linoleum was invented in 1860 by a British rubber manufacturer, Fredrick Walton, looking for a cheaper product. After the invention of lino, artists decided it was a cheap and easy material for printmaking.

The use of lino to create art is attributed to German Expressionists such as Erich Heckel and Gabriele Munter. Russian Constructivist artists were using it by 1913, and black-and-white linocuts appeared in the UK in 1912. The development of colour linocuts wasdriven by the influence of Claude Flight who taught linocut in London at the Grosvenor School of Modern Art.

Lino that's softer and easier to cut has been developed by art materials companies. Traditional lino has a mesh of string on the back, whereas softer-cut lino does not.